TIP122 Transistor - NPN Darlington, 100 V, 5 A
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Description
Product overview
- Darlington transistor with internal base-emitter resistor
- Collector-emitter voltage up to 100 V
- Collector current up to 5 A
- Current gain of approximately 1000
- NPN type for switching applications with low-voltage control signals
Product description
The TIP122 is an NPN Darlington transistor for switching loads in the low to medium current range. Its internal design, consisting of two coupled transistor stages, achieves a current gain of approximately 1000, meaning that control signals in the milliampere range are sufficient to allow currents of up to 5 A. This eliminates the need for driver ICs and control logic.
The maximum collector-emitter voltage of 100 V enables direct operation with power sources such as bench power supplies or battery packs. The internal base-emitter resistor simplifies the circuit design. As an NPN type, the transistor conducts when the base becomes positive relative to the emitter.
Applications include switching relays and stepper motors from microcontroller outputs, driving LED arrays, regulating fan motors, and rapidly switching electromagnets in experimental setups. For higher demands on switching speed or highly precise current regulation, specialized gate driver ICs are the better choice.
The transistor requires a current-limiting resistor at the base, whose value depends on the control signal. When driven by 5 V logic, a base resistor of approximately 1 kΩ reliably brings the transistor into saturation. In the high-frequency range above a few kHz, the switching speed decreases.
Safety notice
The TIP122 is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Work on or near electrical installations is reserved for qualified electricians; if you are unsure about the voltage and current specifications, consult a qualified electrician before assembling the circuit. At full load, the transistor requires adequately dimensioned heat dissipation, as the power loss can be considerable.