{"title":"Passive components","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"elektrolytkondensator-set-0-1uf-220uf-200-teile","title":"Electrolytic capacitor set - 200 pieces, 1-220 µF, 25 and 50 V","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAssortment of 200 electrolytic capacitors in ten capacitance values from 1 µF to 220 µF\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRated voltages of 25 V and 50 V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRadial design with 5 mm lead spacing\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e20 pieces per capacitance value, ready for immediate use\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis electrolytic capacitor set provides basic equipment for circuit assembly during prototype development and everyday laboratory work. The 200 pieces are distributed evenly across ten standard capacitance values, covering typical filtering, buffering, and coupling tasks without the need for reordering.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrolytic capacitors store charge and release it again when needed. In power supplies, they smooth voltage spikes; in audio amplifiers, they decouple signal paths; and in digital circuits, they buffer supply voltages. The choice between 25 V and 50 V variants allows adaptation to the respective operating voltage, with a higher rated voltage providing a safety margin.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe set is suitable for building power supplies with discrete regulators, audio amplifier circuits, and digital circuits using single-board computers or microcontrollers. Even energy-harvesting circuits and simple signal converters have every commonly required value available.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSince electrolytic capacitors are polarized, the orientation must be correct: the longer lead connects to the positive potential, and the shorter lead to ground. At operating voltages significantly below the rated voltage, capacitors age more quickly; for a long service life, the actual voltage should be at least one third of the rated voltage.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrolytic capacitors can rupture explosively under load transients. Reversed-polarity or overvoltage-stressed capacitors are particularly at risk and must be replaced before installation. The set is intended exclusively for assembling prototypes and test circuits. Work on or near electrical installations is reserved for qualified electricians; if anything is unclear, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x\u0026nbsp;Electrolytic Capacitor Set - 0.1uF~220uF - 200 pieces\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997795787101,"sku":"F23107296","price":4.8,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/elektrolytkondensator-set-01uf220uf-200-teile-funduino-1650045.png?v=1791493885"},{"product_id":"prazisionstrimmer-100ohm-drehpotentiometer-mit-langem-metallgriff","title":"Precision potentiometer 100 Ohm - multiturn spindle, metal knob","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRotary potentiometer with precision spindle for fine adjustment\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e100-ohm resistance value\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSpindle drive with reduction gearing for precise adjustment\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMulti-turn curve driver\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFront-panel mounting with plastic knob\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis precision rotary potentiometer is designed for accurate resistance adjustment in measurement and control circuits. The multi-turn spindle with mechanical reduction gearing enables extremely fine adjustments across a range that requires several rotations. This eliminates the coarse jumps that input potentiometers exhibit when being adjusted.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 100-ohm resistance value is suitable for measurement branches, voltage dividers, and control loops in the low-resistance range. Anyone performing highly precise adjustment tasks in measuring instruments or laboratory power supplies saves time thanks to its immediate readiness for use without additional interfacing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn everyday projects, the module is used when voltages or currents need to be adjusted with accuracy in the low percentage range, for example when calibrating analog multimeters or adjusting amplifier stages. The reduction gearing ensures adjustment increments in the milliohm range.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn enclosure with the appropriate hole pattern for the spindle is required for installation. The connection pins require a soldered connection or socket. A wiper compensator for wear is not provided, so despite the precision design, readjustment may be advisable after long periods of operation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis precision potentiometer is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. It must not be installed in household mains circuits. Work on or near electrical installations requires a qualified electrician; if anything is unclear, please consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x 100-ohm precision trimmer \/ rotary potentiometer with long metal shaft\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997801652573,"sku":"F23106585","price":0.89,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/praezisionstrimmer-100ohm-drehpotentiometer-mit-langem-metallgriff-funduino-7276682.png?v=1791494509"},{"product_id":"elektrolytkondensator-47uf-50v","title":"47 µF electrolytic capacitor - 50 V, radial","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eElectrolytic capacitor with 47 microfarads capacitance and 50 volts rated voltage\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAxial design with radial leads\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFor power supplies, filtering, and energy storage in circuits up to 50 V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eObserve polarity; the negative terminal (shorter lead) must be connected to a low potential\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eElectrolytic capacitors age with operating time and higher temperatures\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis electrolytic capacitor stores electrical energy and smooths voltage fluctuations in power supply circuits. The rated voltage of 50 volts defines the permissible operating voltage range, which is why the capacitor can be safely used in systems with an operating voltage of 12, 24, or 48 volts, but must not be operated at its rated voltage itself.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe capacitance of 47 microfarads is suitable for ripple smoothing after rectifiers or interference filtering in low- to medium-frequency applications. Higher current flow during charging and discharging means that repeated rapid switching reduces the service life, especially at elevated ambient temperatures. The axial design facilitates installation on solder strips and in typical laboratory test setups.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications include power supply modules for voltage stabilization after transformers and bridge rectifiers, filtering of supply lines in analog signal processing, energy storage in flash circuits for LEDs, and interference suppression in switching power supplies. In battery-buffered systems, the capacitor bridges brief power interruptions until protective circuits are triggered.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe axial design with a plastic housing requires substantial mounting pads and soldering clearances and is not suitable for SMD assembly. Electrolytic capacitors require strict adherence to polarity during soldering; otherwise, chemical decomposition occurs. For high-frequency applications, film capacitors are the better choice because electrolytes lose effectiveness at higher frequencies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety notice\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrolytic capacitors of this type are intended exclusively for prototype construction and testing and development purposes and are not suitable for installation in household mains circuits. Reverse polarity during soldering, as well as operation above the specified rated voltage, causes decomposition and possible gas formation in the electrolyte. When commissioning power supply circuits, consult a qualified electrician if you are unsure about the operating voltage range or component sizing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* Electrolytic capacitor 47uF \/ 50V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997822853469,"sku":"F23106123","price":0.25,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/elektrolytkondensator-47uf-50v-funduino-5306821.jpg?v=1791494001"},{"product_id":"keramikkondensator-1uf-1000nf-50v","title":"Ceramic capacitor 1 µF - 1000 nF, 50 V, THT","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCeramic capacitor for circuit diagrams and circuits\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCapacitance 1 µF (1000 nF)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRated voltage 50 V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTHT design with radially arranged lead wires\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFor use in analog and digital circuits up to the specified voltage limit\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis ceramic capacitor stores electrical charge and is used in circuit diagrams to smooth voltages, filter high-frequency interference, or decouple loads in digital circuits. With a capacitance of 1 microfarad and a rated voltage of 50 volts, it is suitable for circuits with operating voltages of up to approximately 36 V to maintain a safe operating margin.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ceramic dielectric design means that changes in operating temperature measurably affect the capacitance. This is insignificant for many applications, but becomes critical when filter frequencies must remain temperature-stable. In digital circuits with microcontrollers, this capacitor is typically used to suppress voltage spikes directly at the power supply. It is also used in audio or sensor networks to block DC components.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe THT design allows for easy insertion into breadboards and soldering into perforated circuit boards. No additional power supply is required for operation. For voltages above 50 V or applications with strict tolerance requirements, capacitors with other dielectrics must be selected.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis capacitor is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Do not use it in circuits with rated voltages above 50 V. Qualified electricians are required when working on or near electrical installations; if you are unsure about integrating it into a circuit, consult a qualified electrician before assembly.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x ceramic capacitor 1uF, 1000nF -   50V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997824360797,"sku":"F23106556","price":0.19,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/keramikkondensator-1uf-1000nf-50v-funduino-6303014.png?v=1791494008"},{"product_id":"lautsprecher-8ω-3w-70x40-mm","title":"Speaker 70 x 40 mm - 8 Ohm, 3 W","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRectangular speaker with 3 W rated power\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e70*40 mm design, 8-ohm impedance\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePlayback of speech and music in prototypes and test setups\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eConnection to the signal source via two solder pads\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis 8-ohm speaker outputs audio at 3 W rated power and is used in measuring and testing devices, robotics projects, or educational kits where voice output or warning tones are useful. Its compact 70*40 mm design fits into confined setups without taking up much space.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 8-ohm impedance determines the circuitry of the power amplifier. The speaker cannot be connected directly to a microcontroller; instead, an audio amplifier IC with sufficient output power must be connected in between, such as a Class-D amplifier or a simple LM386-type amplifier. Power consumption depends on the selected supply voltage and volume.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe speaker is often used in acoustic signaling projects, for example to communicate distance measurements through beeps, or for voice output in robots. It can also be used in data loggers or measuring devices to provide notifications when events occur.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn amplifier module is required for operation. The solder pads require secure mechanical mounting or wiring to prevent intermittent contacts.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe speaker is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Continuous or constantly repeated loads over several hours can cause overheating. Work on or near an electrical installation is reserved for qualified electricians; if anything is unclear, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003ePackage contents\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x 70x40 speaker - 8Ω, 3W\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997836091741,"sku":"F23107410","price":2.66,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/lautsprecher-8o-3w-70x40-mm-funduino-7458396.png?v=1791494703"},{"product_id":"keramikkondensator-0-047uf-47nf-50v","title":"Ceramic Capacitor 47 nF - 0.047 µF, 50 V","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCeramic capacitor with 47 nanofarads capacitance\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eVoltage rating up to 50 volts\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCompact design for space-saving circuits\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSuitable for high-frequency applications\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLow inductance through direct through-hole or SMD mounting\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis ceramic capacitor stores and discharges charge in high-frequency circuits. With a capacitance of 47 nanofarads and a voltage rating of 50 volts, it is suitable for filter applications up to this voltage; it cannot be used with higher supply voltages. Its design enables space-saving mounting in densely populated circuits.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ceramic dielectric between the conductive layers enables very small dimensions. Its low self-inductance makes it suitable for coupling, blocking, and EMC filter applications. Capacitance deviations may occur with temperature changes and must be taken into account in critical circuits.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn laboratory use, it serves to suppress interference in power supplies; in prototyping, it is used for high-frequency bypassing in signal processing and microcontroller power supplies. The capacitor is also used in audio preamplifiers and oscillator circuits.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnly a soldering iron and solder are required for assembly; special tools are not needed. The exact capacitance tolerance can be determined from the component marking, but is irrelevant for most filter applications.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis capacitor is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Work on or near electrical installations is reserved for qualified electricians. If the voltage requirements are unclear or integration into permanently installed equipment is planned, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x capacitor 0.047uF, 47nF - 50V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997846085981,"sku":"F23106546","price":0.3,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/keramikkondensator-0047uf-47nf-50v-funduino-7341730.png?v=1791494743"},{"product_id":"lautsprecher-miniatur-im-gehause-3w-4ohm-mit-jst-ph2-0","title":"Mini speaker 3 W - 4 Ohm, JST PH2.0, in housing","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eMiniature speaker with 3 W output power\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eImpedance: 4 ohms\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eJST connector for direct connection compatibility\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEnclosed plastic housing\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSuitable for portable devices and embedded audio systems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eA compact speaker in an enclosed housing outputs audio signals with up to 3 W of power and is suitable for applications where space is limited. The 4-ohm output is compatible with common amplifier modules and audio controllers without impedance matching. The JST connector is mounted directly on the speaker's circuit board, eliminating the need for separate wiring to a terminal block.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications include portable devices such as battery-powered music players, voice and alarm functions in embedded systems, and sound effects in robotics or model-making projects. The enclosed design protects the diaphragm system from mechanical damage and contamination, including during mobile use.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperation requires an audio amplifier or audio amplifier module with an output impedance of approximately 4 ohms. A suitable JST counterpart is required for the electrical connection. The operating voltage is determined by the amplifier module or audio source used; it is typically between 3.3 V and 12 V. Significant distortion occurs when the input signals are permanently overdriven.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe device is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Do not operate the speaker at maximum amplification for extended periods, as the housing and internal wiring may heat up due to thermal stress. When connecting the speaker, ensure that the JST connector is correctly polarized to prevent damage to the amplifier module.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x Miniature speaker in housing, 3 W, 4 ohms, with JST PH2.0\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997850116445,"sku":"F23110168","price":2.98,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/lautsprecher-miniatur-im-gehaeuse-3w-4ohm-mit-jst-ph20-funduino-4328452.png?v=1791494758"},{"product_id":"widerstand-sortiment-kit-1400-stuck-1-ohm-4-7m-ohm-1-4w-1","title":"Resistor assortment - 1400 pieces, 1 Ohm, 0.25 W","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eResistor assortment with 1400 components\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eColor coding according to the IEC 60062 standard\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTolerance range of 5 percent\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRated power of 0.25 watts\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eResistance range from 1 ohm to 4.7 megaohms\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIn a practical sorting box with 70 compartments\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStand for selecting individual resistors\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis resistor assortment contains 1400 carbon-film or film resistors for equipping experimental setups and training projects. The resistance range from 1 ohm to 4.7 megaohms covers most applications in prototype development without requiring extensive individual procurement.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll resistors are marked with color bands according to IEC 60062, enabling quick and reliable identification of each value without a multimeter. The 5-percent tolerance and rated power of 0.25 watts correspond to the standard for digital circuits and simple analog applications. Higher power requirements than approximately 0.1 amperes at typical voltages require larger or specialized resistors.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sorting box with 70 compartments and the included stand enable organized storage and quick retrieval. This eliminates the need to manually search through thousands of components and supports a structured setup in the laboratory or workshop. Occasional resorting after frequent removal is nevertheless advisable.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard soldering-iron practices apply when soldering the resistors onto a circuit board. No special training is required. Use is limited to prototype, test, and development setups; use in repairs of consumer devices and mains-voltage circuits is excluded.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistors are not intended for installation in consumer devices or in the electrical installation of household mains circuits. These components are intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Work on or near mains installations must be performed by a qualified electrician; if in doubt, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x Resistor Assortment Kit - 1400 pieces, 1 ohm - 4.7M ohm, 1\/4W, 1%\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997855129949,"sku":"F23106601","price":17.8,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/widerstand-sortiment-kit-1400-stueck-1-ohm-47m-ohm-14w-1-funduino-9139591.png?v=1791493757"},{"product_id":"200-ohm-prazisionstrimmer-drehpotentiometer-mit-langem-metallgriff","title":"200 Ohm rotary potentiometer - precision trimmer with metal shaft","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ePrecision rotary potentiometer, 200 ohm resistance value\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdjustment range over a full rotation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFor calibration and fine-tuning in circuits\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eHexagonal mounting nut for secure panel mounting\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLow wear thanks to wiper contact design\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis precision rotary potentiometer with a nominal resistance of 200 ohms is used to precisely adjust voltages and currents in analog circuits. The linear adjustment range over a full rotation enables fine adjustments without over-rotation. The hexagonal mounting nut ensures secure and permanent mounting on circuit boards or front panels.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe potentiometer functions as an analog voltage divider. The wiper moves along the resistance wire and provides a continuously variable voltage value. This makes the component ideal for control circuits where precise adjustment is required. The contact design ensures stable resistance and voltage values even after frequent rotation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications include LED brightness control, threshold adjustment in sensor circuits, and frequency fine-tuning in oscillators. In calibration tasks, the precision potentiometer avoids frequent readjustment, for example when calibrating measurement amplifiers or comparators. A single setting is sufficient for each application until the circuit requirements change.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe component requires no additional power supply, as it operates solely with the existing operating voltage. Connection is made via the three contact pins of the rotary potentiometer at the appropriate point in the circuit; the side mounting nut is installed using standard tools.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Notice\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe rotary potentiometer is intended exclusively for prototyping and testing and development purposes. It is not approved for installation in household electrical circuits or power supply equipment. Qualified electricians must be consulted when working on or immediately next to electrical installations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* 200 ohm precision trimmer \/ rotary potentiometer with long metal shaft\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997863649629,"sku":"F23106900","price":1.36,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/200-ohm-praezisionstrimmer-drehpotentiometer-mit-langem-metallgriff-funduino-8756066.png?v=1791493769"},{"product_id":"mini-kit-leds-schalter-widerstande-batterieklemme-dupont-kabel-breadboard","title":"Electronics mini kit - basic components with breadboard","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eSet of basic components for simple circuits\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLEDs in multiple colors\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSwitches and resistors with various values\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBattery clip for 9 V block batteries\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSufficient for several independent projects\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis kit contains the essential components for getting started with electronics. With LEDs, resistors, and a battery clip, you can immediately build functioning circuits without having to source individual components. The battery clip connects to a 9 V block battery to provide the power supply.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistors limit the current through the LEDs to safe levels, preventing them from being damaged. A switch opens or closes the circuit as needed. The component values provided allow you to build several independent circuits from a single kit.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypical applications include signal lights, simple alarm circuits with triggerable lights, or learning projects that teach basic current-flow concepts. For example, anyone wanting to develop a portable warning signal will find all the necessary parts here for a functional prototype.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA 9 V block battery is not included in the kit and must be purchased separately. The circuit can be assembled without requiring circuit boards or breadboards, so each LED is connected directly to the battery terminals through its resistor.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Notice\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis kit is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. It must not be connected to household electrical circuits or other mains-voltage applications. If you have questions about proper construction or circuit assembly, consult a qualified electrician.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997864698205,"sku":"F23110155","price":3.53,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/mini-kit-leds-schalter-widerstaende-batterieklemme-dupont-kabel-breadboard-funduino-2830071.png?v=1791494808"},{"product_id":"keramikkondensator-0-1uf-104pf-50v","title":"Ceramic capacitor 0.1 µF - 104, 50 V","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCeramic capacitor for decoupling and filtering in power supplies\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCapacitance 0.1 µF (104)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eVoltage rating 50 V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCompact design suitable for breadboards and circuit boards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis ceramic capacitor with a capacitance of 0.1 µF is used for voltage stabilization and noise suppression in electronic circuits. The rated voltage of 50 V allows it to be used in power supplies with an operating voltage of up to 50 V, provided the actual supply voltage does not exceed this value.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe capacitor acts as a decoupling element directly at the supply pins of microcontrollers, sensor ICs, and other digital components. It buffers short-term current spikes and suppresses high-frequency interference on the power supply. The low capacitance of 0.1 µF is particularly suitable for high-frequency applications and provides a reliable first stage of circuit decoupling.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe capacitor is used in circuits with microcontroller boards, sensor and actuator modules, and smaller power supply circuits. Typically, several of these capacitors are connected in parallel to cover different frequency ranges. Whether used in test and development setups or on custom-designed circuit boards, the compact size allows for flexible placement.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReplacing it with capacitors of higher capacitance changes the filter characteristics. For applications with higher voltages, a capacitor with a correspondingly higher rated voltage must be selected. Polarity does not matter for ceramic capacitors.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Notice\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe module is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Work on or near electrical installations is reserved for qualified electricians; if anything is unclear, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x Ceramic capacitor - 0.1uF, 104pF, 50V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997879345501,"sku":"F23105922","price":0.63,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/keramikkondensator-01uf-104pf-50v-funduino-6123275.png?v=1791493304"},{"product_id":"lautsprecher-miniatur-im-gehause-3w-4ohm-mit-jst-ph-1-25mm","title":"Mini Speaker 3 W - 4 Ohm, Enclosure, JST-PH 1.25 mm","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eMiniature speaker with 3 watts of power and 4 ohms impedance\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eJST connector for direct connection to microcontroller boards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEnclosed plastic housing\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSuitable for prototypes and development projects\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis miniature speaker outputs audio with up to 3 watts of power and can be connected directly to common development boards thanks to its JST connector. The enclosed housing reduces feedback effects and enhances the sound.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe speaker requires an audio source with sufficient drive capability or an additional amplifier for operation. The 4-ohm impedance determines the required current flow. The JST connector system enables quick connection without soldering.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt can be used for acoustic signals in automation projects, as an alarm output in sensor applications, or for voice output in robotics prototypes. Its compact size makes it suitable for space-saving setups.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperating voltage and power supply depend on the audio driver used. When connected to a standard microcontroller, an external amplifier is often necessary to achieve full power.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe speaker is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. The duration and volume of audio transmission can cause fatigue or hearing damage; when used in permanent test systems, ensure sufficient breaks. When operating with an external power supply or if there is any uncertainty about the current load, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x miniature speaker in housing, 3W 4Ohm, with JST PH 1.25mm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997880394077,"sku":"F23110165","price":2.94,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/lautsprecher-miniatur-im-gehaeuse-3w-4ohm-mit-jst-ph-125mm-funduino-4880509.png?v=1791494311"},{"product_id":"einstellbares-potentiometer-mit-xh2-54-3p-stecker","title":"Potentiometer - XH2.54 3P Connector, Continuously Adjustable","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdjustable potentiometer with XH2.54 3P connector\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eResistance value can be changed using the rotary knob\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eThree connection pins for voltage divider circuits\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCompatible with common development boards via connector\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCompact design, secured using housing sockets\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe potentiometer is a variable resistor with an XH2.54 connector, suitable for analog inputs in circuits and programming tasks. The resistance value can be continuously adjusted using the rotary knob. The three connection pins enable operation as a voltage divider, with the middle contact providing the variable output value while the outer pins are connected to the power supply and ground.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe XH2.54 connector fits directly onto the pin headers of microcontroller boards and common prototyping boards, with no additional wiring required. An analog-to-digital converter on the board converts the changing voltage into digital readings that can be read by the program.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe potentiometer serves as an input element for control tasks and for adjusting LED brightness, motor speeds, or speaker volume. In sensor learning modules, it immediately demonstrates how analog signals are captured by a computer. A variable input element is also needed for calibrating readings or adjusting threshold values.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is compatible with boards that use 3.3 V logic or 5 V logic and have available analog inputs. Boards without analog inputs require an external ADC board. The potentiometer does not require a separate power supply; it draws power from the board's power connection.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe product is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes and is not suitable for installation in household electrical circuits. Work on or near electrical installations must be carried out by qualified electricians; if anything is unclear, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x Adjustable Potentiometer - Analog Rotary Angle Sensor Module on PCB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997922140509,"sku":"F23108990","price":3.49,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/einstellbares-potentiometer-mit-xh254-3p-stecker-funduino-2202826.png?v=1791494370"},{"product_id":"drehpotentiometer-einstellpotentiometer-trimmpotentiometer-liegend-10m-ohm","title":"Trimmer potentiometer 10 MOhm - horizontal, 3 solder terminals","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eTrimmer potentiometer with a resistance value of 10 MΩ\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eHorizontal design with hex socket adjustment\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eThree solder terminals for through-hole mounting (THT)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWiper moves along the resistive track\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFor one-time or occasional calibration after installation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis trimmer potentiometer is used for subsequent fine adjustment of analog circuits. With a total resistance of 10 MΩ and three solder terminals - two at the ends of the resistive track and one on the movable wiper - it enables continuous adjustment of the tapped resistance value. Unlike rotary potentiometers with a knob, adjustment is performed here using a hex socket in the white plastic insert, which is turned with a suitable Allen key or screwdriver.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe component is designed for horizontal through-hole mounting on a circuit board. Its high resistance value of 10 MΩ makes it particularly suitable for high-impedance circuits, for example, for setting reference voltages or as an adjustable voltage divider in amplifier circuits. The hex socket adjustment ensures that settings are not changed by accidental vibrations or contact after installation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe trimmer potentiometer is used where occasional calibration is required after commissioning, typically in sensor measurement technology for zero-point adjustment or in analog electronics to compensate for component tolerances. The horizontal design and internally threaded adjustment element make it suitable for use inside devices, rather than for frequent user operation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA soldering iron is required for installation. The high resistance value requires circuit designs with appropriately high-impedance inputs to prevent measurement errors caused by input impedances. Occasional cleaning of the contact point may be necessary if the potentiometer is not adjusted for an extended period.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis component is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes and must not be installed in household electrical circuits. Ensure adequate ventilation when soldering the terminals, as soldering flux fumes are produced. If you are unsure about the correct wiring or soldering process, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x Rotary potentiometer \/ adjustment potentiometer \/ trimmer potentiometer, horizontal,10M Ohm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997927317853,"sku":"F23106594","price":1.15,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/drehpotentiometer-einstellpotentiometer-trimmpotentiometer-liegend10m-ohm-funduino-6741053.png?v=1791493834"},{"product_id":"lautsprecher-4ω-10w","title":"Speaker 4 Ohm - 10 W, with amplifier, USB or jack","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eActive speaker for audio output from a microcontroller board\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePower rating 10 W, impedance 4 ohms\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePower supply via 5 V USB socket or 3.5 mm jack plug\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBuilt-in amplifier, no separate power amplifier required\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCompact design for prototyping\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 4-ohm speaker with a built-in amplifier outputs audio signals directly from 5 V systems. With a power rating of 10 W, it produces sound pressure levels suitable for small rooms and lab benches without requiring external amplification.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePower is supplied via USB or a jack socket, both of which are common in development environments. Signals can come from any audio output; microcontroller pins with PWM modulation, sound cards, or dedicated audio DACs work equally well. The 4-ohm impedance determines the output power and limits the operating duration. Continuous operation at full load causes heat buildup in the amplifier, so longer playback periods require a break or reduced volume.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypical applications include notification tones in sensor projects, alarm signals when threshold values are exceeded, or voice output from text-to-speech systems. In a monitoring prototype, for example, the speaker can provide an acoustic warning of unusual temperatures without requiring additional hardware.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor operation, a USB power source providing at least 2 A is sufficient at full load. High-frequency input signals above 20 kHz are no longer reproduced and may cause audible noise, so PWM signals should be filtered. An audio cable from the signal source to the input must be purchased separately.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe speaker is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. It is not designed for continuous operation over several hours; take regular breaks during intensive use. If you are unsure about the power supply, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x 78mm speaker - 4Ω, 10W\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997928628573,"sku":"F23107164","price":3.22,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/lautsprecher-4o-10w-funduino-2787597.jpg?v=1791494397"},{"product_id":"thermistor-100k","title":"Thermistor 100 kOhm - NTC, measuring range -40 to +125 °C","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eNegative temperature coefficient (NTC), 100 kOhm nominal value at 25 °C\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMeasuring range -40 to +125 °C\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNonlinear resistance behavior, requires calibration or a characteristic curve table\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRadial design with two lead wires\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDirect use in voltage divider circuits\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis thermistor with a nominal resistance of 100 kOhm is a temperature-sensing component that decreases its electrical resistance as the temperature rises. Unlike linear sensors, the resistance change follows an exponential curve, which is why calibration or the use of characteristic curve tables is necessary for accurate measurements.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sensor is simply integrated into a voltage divider circuit and connected to the analog input of a microcontroller. The voltage across the divider can be read and converted into a temperature using the characteristic curve. Since the resistance response is nonlinear, simple linear conversion provides only rough approximations; polynomial fitting or table interpolation significantly improves accuracy.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications range from monitoring ambient temperatures in enclosures and controlling heating elements to measuring temperatures in liquids, provided the component is protected against corrosion. In prototypes and measuring stations, the thermistor is often used as a cost-effective alternative to digital temperature sensors when the required accuracy and measurement frequency are modest.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor stable measurement results, the current load should be limited to prevent self-heating. In addition, a buffer capacitor in the voltage divider is recommended to reduce noise interference. Analog evaluation requires analog-to-digital conversion with sufficient resolution; a 10-bit converter generally provides practical measurement results in the medium temperature range.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Notice\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe thermistor is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. The current load must be limited to prevent damage caused by self-heating. Work on or near electrical installations is reserved for qualified electricians; if you are unsure about safe integration, consult a qualified electrician before taking measurements.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x 100k Thermistor\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997933511005,"sku":"F23106565","price":1.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/thermistor-100k-funduino-4077797.png?v=1791493398"},{"product_id":"keramikkondensator-0-1uf-100nf-50v","title":"Ceramic capacitor 100 nF - 0.1 µF, 50 V","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCeramic capacitor with 100 nF capacitance (0.1 µF)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRated voltage 50 V DC\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCompact SMD or through-hole design, depending on the supplied version\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTemperature range −55 to +125 °C\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSmall footprint, high frequency stability\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ceramic capacitor with a rated capacitance of 100 nF serves as a decoupling and filtering element in electronic circuits. Its 50 V rating allows it to be used in many analog and digital power supply circuits with voltages up to this value.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe component stores charge and diverts AC signals while blocking DC voltages. At an operating voltage of up to 50 V, the capacitance remains stable across the entire temperature range, which is particularly beneficial in sensitive analog circuits and digital ICs.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypical applications include power supply decoupling for microcontroller boards, sensor modules, and amplifier circuits. In power supplies, the component filters high-frequency interference from the output signal to ensure a clean supply voltage at the IC. In audio signal paths and feedback networks, it stabilizes DC voltage levels.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSince a capacitance of 100 nF is sufficient for many standard applications, the component can be used universally in circuits up to 50 V. Accurately calculating the capacitance value requires knowledge of the specific application (cutoff frequency, required filter characteristics). The available supplied version (standard SMD sizes or through-hole) determines the required space and assembly method.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Notice\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eCeramic capacitors can be destroyed by overvoltage, mechanical damage, or reverse polarity and will then no longer function. This component is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. If you are unsure about handling electrical components, consult a qualified electrician before soldering.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x Ceramic capacitor 0.1uF, 100nF - 50V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997938655581,"sku":"F23106867","price":0.49,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/keramikkondensator-01uf-100nf-50v-funduino-6696055.png?v=1791495950"},{"product_id":"cbb-kondensator-0-1uf-100nf-100v","title":"CBB film capacitor 0.1 µF - 100 nF, 100 V, axial","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ePlastic film capacitor (CBB) for AC and DC voltage\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCapacitance 0.1 µF (100 nF)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRated voltage 100 V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLow current loss and good temperature stability\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAxial design with wire leads\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe plastic film capacitor with a capacitance of 0.1 µF and a rated voltage of 100 V is suitable for circuits in the field of AC and DC voltage technology. Unlike electrolytic capacitors, this capacitor is non-polarized and can be installed regardless of the connection direction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe CBB component stores charge when a voltage is applied and releases it again. It is typically used for smoothing voltages, decoupling circuit sections, filtering interference signals, or as a component in resonant circuits. The rated voltage of 100 V is designed for applications with voltages up to this level; continuous operation above this limit will damage the component.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of use include decoupling circuits in analog switching amplifiers, RC low-pass filters for suppressing noise in measurement signals, or compensation elements in control loops. The capacitor is also used in power supplies for voltage stabilization and in oscillator circuits.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProper power supply is required for use. The component must be dimensioned so that the actual applied voltage does not exceed the rated voltage of 100 V. Storage conditions are room temperature and dryness; exposure to moisture impairs long-term functionality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapacitors can store charge and remain dangerous until they have been discharged. This component is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes, and is not suitable for installation in household mains circuits. If you are unsure about safe use in a circuit, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x CBB capacitor 0.1uF, 100nF - 100V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997939999069,"sku":"F23106596","price":0.3,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/cbb-kondensator-01uf-100nf-100v-funduino-6207814.png?v=1791495012"},{"product_id":"ky-006-passiver-buzzer-alarm-modul-fur-arduino","title":"KY-006 buzzer module - passive, 3-5 V, PWM-controlled","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ePassive piezo buzzer module for PWM control\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e3 connection pins on a 2.54 mm pitch, signal, NC, ground\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOperating voltage 3–5 V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFrequency range 1.5–2.5 kHz, maximum volume near 2 kHz\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCompatible with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and ESP32\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOperating temperature range −20 to +70 °C\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eA passive piezo buzzer module produces tones only when externally driven with an alternating electrical signal. Without this signal, it remains silent. This distinguishes it from active buzzers, which have their own oscillator and output a fixed tone independently. Here, a square-wave signal must be provided that switches rapidly between two voltage levels, thereby determining the pitch.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe module has three connection pins spaced 2.54 mm apart. The pin labeled S receives the control signal, while the minus pin provides the ground connection. The middle pin is not connected to the circuit and remains unused. Therefore, only two of the three pins are required for operation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent control frequencies produce different pitches. The module operates with voltages between 3 and 5 V, with the highest volume occurring near the resonance frequency of around 2 kHz. A microcontroller generates the required square-wave signal, for example via a PWM function with an adjustable frequency, making it possible to create simple melodies, variable alarm tones, or acoustic feedback when buttons are pressed or sensors detect events.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBecause the module requires a control signal, a microcontroller board is necessary. Control is provided via a digital output or a PWM pin, depending on whether a simple on-off signal is sufficient or variable pitches are desired.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe module is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. It is not intended for installation in household electrical circuits or operation at mains voltage. When working on or near electrical installations, a qualified electrician must be consulted.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x KY-006 Passive Buzzer – Alarm Module for Arduino\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997945962845,"sku":"F23106690","price":1.3,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/ky-006-passiver-buzzer-alarm-modul-fuer-arduino-funduino-7495870.png?v=1791495990"},{"product_id":"widerstande-je-10x-10ohm-47ohm-100ohm-220ohm-1kohm-10kohm-100kohm-4-7kohm-ω-5","title":"Resistor assortment - 8 values, 10 pieces each, 10 ohms to 100 kohms, ±5 %","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eResistors, ten of each in five nominal values\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNominal values: 10 ohms, 47 ohms, 100 ohms, 220 ohms, and 1 kOhm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e50 components in total\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStandard form factor for breadboards and circuit boards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistors are passive components used to limit current and divide voltage in electronic circuits. This assortment pack contains fifty pieces in five different nominal values, suitable for building prototypes and test circuits. Each value is included ten times, covering typical circuit requirements without the need for frequent reordering.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe resistors use the color code system and are suitable for all common breadboards as well as soldering onto circuit boards. With nominal values from 10 ohms to 1 kOhm, the pack covers the low to medium range, enabling current limiting for LEDs, pull-up and pull-down circuits on digital lines, and simple voltage dividers. The tolerance is typically ten percent, which is sufficient for most prototyping applications.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe pack is suitable for LED current-limiting circuits, connecting sensors to microcontroller boards, button circuits, and initial experiments with analog signals. The various nominal values are also readily available for calibration series during measurements. For specialized applications such as high-frequency filters or measurement accuracy better than one percent, precisely matched values or suitable tolerance classes are lacking; standard assortment sets are therefore recommended.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese components are intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes and are not suitable for installation in household mains circuits. For circuits involving mains voltage or located in the immediate vicinity of power supply systems, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x resistors: 10x 10Ohm, 47Ohm, 100Ohm, 220Ohm, 1kOhm, 10kOhm, 100kOhm, 4,7kOhm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997947339101,"sku":"F23106603","price":1.3,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/widerstaende-je-10x-10ohm-47ohm-100ohm-220ohm-1kohm-10kohm-100kohm-47kohm-o-5-funduino-5092646.png?v=1791496001"},{"product_id":"ntc-mf58-3950-b-10k-ohm-5-thermistor-temperatur-sensor","title":"MF58 NTC thermistor - 10 kOhm, B 3950, -40 to +125 °C","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eNTC thermistor with a nominal resistance of 10 kOhm and a B value of 3950\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMeasuring range: -40 to +125 °C\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eResolution in the tenths-of-a-degree Celsius range with suitable evaluation electronics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRadial lead configuration for soldering onto circuit boards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFast response to temperature changes due to low thermal mass\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLong service life without wear thanks to a measurement method with no moving parts\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis NTC thermistor is suitable for digital and analog temperature measurement in microcontroller projects. The component changes its electrical resistance according to temperature along a known characteristic curve, with the resistance increasing as temperatures fall. A simple circuit with a fixed reference resistor produces a voltage-dependent signal that can be read using the integrated analog-to-digital converter.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe B value of 3950 determines the steepness of the characteristic curve and allows temperatures in household and laboratory applications to be measured with accuracy in the tenths-of-a-degree range. Calibration is not required. The compact design saves space and enables probes that respond quickly to changes in the surroundings.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn everyday projects, the sensor is used to monitor temperature profiles, for example in cold traps or heat buffers in model projects, to control heating elements, and to record room climate data. It is also commonly used for data loggers in coolers or as a thermometer with an alarm threshold.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is connected to the input stage of a microcontroller board with an analog input or to a digital temperature sensor IC with an I2C bus for additional processing power. The circuit board carrying the thermistor must be designed separately, or existing educational hardware with free analog input headers can be used instead. For precise calibration across the entire measuring range, at least two known reference temperatures are also required.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis component is not intended for installation in household mains circuits and may only be used for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Work on or near electrical installations is reserved for qualified electricians. If you are unsure how to integrate it into existing devices or power lines, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* NTC MF58 3950 B 10K ohm 5% Thermistor Temperature Sensor\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997948158301,"sku":"F23106735","price":0.44,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/ntc-mf58-3950-b-10k-ohm-5-thermistor-temperatur-sensor-funduino-6196187.png?v=1791496275"},{"product_id":"drehpotentiometer-10k-ohm-15mm-schaft-doppelreihig","title":"Rotary potentiometer 10 kOhm - dual row, 15 mm shaft","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRotary potentiometer with 10 kOhm resistance and 15 mm shaft\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDual slider assembly enables dual control on a single axis\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFor analog voltage divider circuits in control and measurement electronics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLinear rotation range of at least one full turn\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e2.54 mm pin spacing for direct soldering onto circuit boards or breadboards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePlastic housing with detent mechanism for secure positioning\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis rotary potentiometer serves as an analog input element for voltage control. The sliders arranged in two rows enable simultaneous or independent adjustment of two signal paths on the same rotary axis, saving space when two parameters need to be controlled.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe two resistors operate electromechanically in parallel. Each provides, via its wiper, an output signal dependent on the rotary position between ground and the supply voltage. At 10 kOhm, the resistance is in the medium range, so load currents must be buffered by preamplifying analog electronics. The detent mechanism mechanically holds intermediate positions and prevents unintentional movement.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications range from manual voltage regulators in laboratory power supply technology and control modules for motor speeds to stereo volume controls with a shared mechanical axis. The dual arrangement is also used in function generators and test signal amplifiers. The 15 mm shaft fits standard knobs and enables convenient operation from outside the housing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperation should be below 9 V for maximum service life. On the circuit board, the detent mechanism requires some lateral space; the wipers require low-impedance connections to the signal-processing circuitry because the contact resistance is generally greater than 50 Ohms. For noise-sensitive circuits, the wiper should be damped with a parallel capacitor of approximately 100 nF.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis potentiometer is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Do not use it for installation in household electrical circuits or fixed installations. Consult a qualified electrician when operating at voltages above 24 V.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1*Rotary potentiometer, 10K Ohm, 15mm shaft, dual-row\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997948584285,"sku":"F23106736","price":1.01,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/drehpotentiometer-10k-ohm-15mm-schaft-doppelreihig-funduino-6189565.png?v=1791496033"},{"product_id":"ky-040-drehimpulsgeber-rotary-encoder","title":"KY-040 rotary encoder - incremental encoder with push button, 5 V","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ePulse angle: 20°\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOne washer and nut included\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eThread diameter: 7mm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSupply voltage: 5V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDimensions: 31*19*29m\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePinout: CLK, DT, SW, VCC, GND\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eHelpful links:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/funduino.de\/nr-32-der-rotary-encoder-ky-040\" target=\"_blank\" data-link-type=\"external\" data-type=\"linkpicker\"\u003eFunduino instructions\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997953204573,"sku":"FUN-1010566","price":1.84,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/ky-040-drehimpulsgeber-rotary-encoder-funduino-8074022.png?v=1791496306"},{"product_id":"lautsprecher-16ω-1w","title":"Speaker - 16 Ohm, 1 W, compact","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eSmall speaker with 16-ohm impedance and 1-watt rated power\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eActive sound output for prototypes and test setups\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDirect connection to audio outputs of microcontroller boards or sound modules\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCompact design for limited spaces\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis 1-watt speaker with 16-ohm impedance receives its audio signal from the audio outputs of microcontroller boards, sound modules, or portable amplifiers. Its low power consumption and compact design make it suitable for prototypes intended to play speech, music, or warning tones.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe speaker is connected directly to the audio outputs and outputs the signal without additional components. Its 16-ohm impedance is compatible with the typical output impedances of small audio drivers, making matching straightforward. The limited rated power is suitable for laboratory test and development setups as well as acoustic signals, but not for music playback in rooms with loud ambient noise.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypical applications include prototypes with acoustic feedback, such as robots with audio signals, alarm systems with warning tones, or experimental sound installations with audio modules. During continuous operation, the speaker should be allowed to cool down regularly during extended test series, as its low power rating may be reached when it heats up.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperation requires an amplifier with sufficient current output or a direct audio output with an audio driver. Audio quality is limited to simple tones and warning signals; a larger and more powerful speaker is required for demanding music playback.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis speaker is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. During extended operating periods or repeated use, the device may heat up; in this case, interrupt operation and allow it to cool down. If you are unsure about the power supply or connection method, consult a qualified electrician.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* Speaker -  16Ω, 1W\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997954941277,"sku":"F23106983","price":1.72,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/lautsprecher-16o-1w-funduino-9745720.png?v=1791496056"},{"product_id":"500k-ohm-prazisionstrimmer-drehpotentiometer-mit-langem-metallgriff","title":"Precision trimmer 500 kOhm - 25 turns, cermet, 0,5 W","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eMulti-turn trimmer potentiometer with a resistance value of 500 kOhm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCermet resistive element for stable, long-lasting adjustment\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e25 turns from stop to stop for fine adjustment\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdjustment via a slotted metal shaft with a screwdriver from above\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e3 solder terminals for through-hole mounting\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePower rating of 0.5 W at 70 °C\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOperating temperature range of -55 °C to +125 °C\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProtection against over-rotation at the mechanical end stop\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis multi-turn trimmer potentiometer with a resistance value of 500 kOhm is used to calibrate, adjust, and finely tune resistance values in circuits. The cermet resistive element, made from ceramic and metal materials, provides long-term stable settings without wear. The 25 turns between the mechanical end stops enable precise adjustment. This allows resistances in signal-processing or measurement circuits to be calibrated precisely where coarse adjustment would lead to inaccuracies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjustment is performed from above using a slotted metal shaft and a screwdriver. The potentiometer has three solder terminals for through-hole mounting on circuit boards: two for the ends of the resistive element and one for the adjustable wiper. This allows the component to be used both as a fixed voltage divider and as an adjustable resistor. The design prevents uncontrolled over-rotation: after reaching the mechanical stop, the shaft continues to turn without damaging the component or changing its internal setting.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sealed housing enables reliable operation even in humid or dusty conditions. The operating temperature range of -55 °C to +125 °C covers both industrial and harsher environments. The maximum load of 0.5 W limits the current, which is why this trimmer potentiometer is designed for control circuits with low to medium currents. Typical applications include fine-tuning signal levels in measurement circuits, calibrating gain and volume settings in audio equipment, and selectively adjusting circuit parameters during development and in the field.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork on or near electrical installations must be carried out by a qualified electrician; consult one in advance if you are unsure about commissioning. This component is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes and is not intended for installation in household mains circuits.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* 500K Ohm precision trimmer \/ rotary potentiometer with long metal shaft\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997954974045,"sku":"F23107028","price":1.3,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/500k-ohm-praezisionstrimmer-drehpotentiometer-mit-langem-metallgriff-funduino-8934069.png?v=1791495131"},{"product_id":"trimmerkondensator-0-04nf-40pf","title":"40 pF trimmer capacitor - variably adjustable, vertical construction","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eTrimmer capacitor with a capacitance range of 40 pF\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRated capacitance 0.04 nF (40 pF)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eVariable capacitance via rotary adjustment\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMinimal size for space-saving installation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eVertical design for mounting on circuit boards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe trimmer capacitor is an adjustable capacitor with rotary adjustment, primarily suitable for fine-tuning oscillators, filters, and resonant circuits. The capacitance can be adjusted variably by turning the shaft, enabling adjustment work without replacing components.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThanks to its compact size, the module fits on densely populated circuit boards and allows compact circuit designs. The rotary adjustment enables precise capacitance tuning in the 40 pF range without additional measuring equipment. This makes adjustment work on RF circuits, radio receivers, or experimental LC filters possible.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA wiper tool or a narrow flat-head screwdriver is required for adjustment, along with a test device or measuring instrument to check the desired frequency or attenuation. The circuit should be de-energized during installation to prevent wear on the wiper.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe trimmer capacitor is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Work on or near electrical installations is reserved for qualified electricians; if anything is unclear before commissioning, consult a qualified electrician.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* Trimmer capacitor 0.04nF, 40pF\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997955662173,"sku":"F23107050","price":0.81,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/trimmerkondensator-004nf-40pf-funduino-6345807.jpg?v=1791495148"},{"product_id":"ky-012-aktiver-buzzer-piezo-sounder-speaker-auf-platine","title":"KY-012 buzzer module - active with oscillator, 3.3-5 V","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eActive piezo buzzer with integrated oscillator on a board\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOperating voltage 3.3 to 5 V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTone frequency approx. 2.5 kHz, sound pressure level 85 dB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eConnection via two pins, signal and ground\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCurrent consumption max. 30 mA\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eControlled like a digital on-off switch; no PWM code required\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe active piezo buzzer generates a tone independently when voltage is applied, as a built-in oscillator provides the necessary alternating signal. This fundamentally distinguishes it from passive buzzers, which require an external audio signal. With an operating voltage between 3.3 and 5 V, the module connects directly to most microcontroller boards.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe board has three connection pins in a row, only two of which are active: the signal pin S and the ground pin GND. To activate the buzzer, simply set the S pin to a high level; the device then emits a tone at approximately 2.5 kHz. Since pulse-width modulation is not required, there is no need for complex tone generation in the code.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe module is suitable for all applications where a simple acoustic signal is sufficient, such as alarms in security systems, warning functions when limit values are exceeded, or confirmation tones in control devices. The maximum current consumption of 30 mA remains uncritical even during extended activation. Although the fixed tone cannot be changed in frequency, the module owes its wide use to this simplicity.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is controlled like a digital output for an LED, directly via a GPIO pin of a microcontroller or single-board computer. A level shifter is not required when the controller operates at 3.3 V or 5 V.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety notice\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe module is not intended for installation in the household electrical circuit and is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. When working on or near electrical installations, a qualified electrician is required; if in doubt, seek advice before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x KY-012 Active Buzzer (Piezo) \/ Sounder \/ Speaker\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997971685725,"sku":"F23106686","price":1.39,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/ky-012-aktiver-buzzer-piezo-sounder-speaker-auf-platine-funduino-5926375.png?v=1791496102"},{"product_id":"keramikkondensator-10nf-0-01-uf-103","title":"Ceramic capacitor 10 nF - 0.01 µF, type 103","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCeramic capacitor with 10 nF (0.01 µF) capacitance\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e103 designator as the standard type designation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSMD or through-hole design\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFor filtering, decoupling, and signal processing\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eVoltage rating and tolerance can be found in the datasheet\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ceramic capacitor is used for voltage decoupling, high-frequency filtering, and as a buffer element in power supply circuits and signal processing applications. The 10 nF capacitance corresponds to the type designation 103 and is suitable for applications ranging from a few kHz to the tens-of-MHz range.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDue to its ceramic construction, the capacitor has low inductance and enables stable characteristics over a wide temperature range. Depending on the applicable datasheet, the maximum permissible voltage rating and capacitance tolerance must be observed. Placement directly at the power supply connection of the component it is assigned to significantly improves the filtering effect.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon areas of application include decoupling microcontroller components and logic ICs, high-frequency filtering at signal inputs of amplifier circuits, and EMC filtering in power supplies. In oscillator circuits, the component also helps stabilize the oscillation frequency. For practical use, the datasheet of the capacitor being used is required to match the voltage rating, tolerance class, and temperature coefficient with the circuit requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eCeramic capacitors can burst if mechanically damaged or overloaded and may release sharp fragments. The component is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes and is not suitable for installation in household mains circuits.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x 10 nF, 0.01 uF - 103 ceramic capacitor\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997974569309,"sku":"F23106866","price":0.3,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/keramikkondensator-10nf-001-uf-103-funduino-5397780.png?v=1791495613"},{"product_id":"ky-018-fotowiderstand-auf-platine","title":"KY-018 light sensor module - analog photoresistor, 3.3-5 V","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eLight sensor on a circuit board for digital and analog measurements\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePhotoresistor changes its value with light intensity\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMeasurement range from brightness up to approximately 10000 lux\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAnalog output for direct voltage measurement\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDigital outputs for threshold comparison\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eConnector for standard connection cables\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOperating voltage 5 V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe light sensor on this circuit board uses a photoresistor whose electrical resistance changes depending on the incident light intensity. The circuit converts this resistance change into a measurable voltage, which is available at an analog output. This allows brightness values to be read directly without having to calculate a voltage divider.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA comparator is installed on the circuit board in parallel with the analog output. It compares the measured brightness with a set threshold value. When the measurement signal exceeds or falls below this limit, an output switches state, for example to activate an LED or alert a microcontroller. This digital function operates independently of the analog value and requires no further processing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sensor is useful wherever brightness and darkness need to be distinguished. Twilight or motion detectors can use it, as can light-controlled systems in models or art installations. Anyone who wants to collect measurement data can use the analog output; anyone interested only in a switching action can use the digital output. The measurement range covers normal indoor lighting and daylight, but does not extend to extreme darkness or flash brightness.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sensor requires a 5 V operating voltage, supplied via the connector. The analog output provides voltages from 0 to approximately 5 V, depending on the incident light, and a standard analog input on a microcontroller board can process this value directly. The digital output also provides 5 V logic and can be connected directly to digital inputs. A level shifter is required for boards with different voltage levels, such as 3.3 V.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sensor is not intended for commissioning on electrical installations. It is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Work near or on electrical installations must be carried out by a qualified electrician; if in doubt, consult one before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003ePackage Contents\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x KY-018 photoresistor on a circuit board\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997978108253,"sku":"F23106644","price":1.45,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/ky-018-fotowiderstand-auf-platine-funduino-3558444.png?v=1791496337"},{"product_id":"lautsprecher-8ω-0-5w","title":"Mini speaker Ø 35 mm - 8 Ω, 0.5 W","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eMiniature speaker with 8-ohm impedance and 0.5 W rated power\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSuitable for audio signals in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eHousing diameter 35 mm, installation depth 20 mm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCan be driven directly via audio power amplifiers and sound cards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEquipped with a plastic grille for protection against damage\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis compact speaker with 8-ohm impedance is suitable for sound output in electronics projects and device prototypes. With a rated power of 0.5 W, it provides sufficient volume for alarms, warning or signal tones, as well as nearby voice output without external power amplifiers.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe device operates in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 10 kHz and can be connected directly to typical audio power amplifiers or the audio outputs of microcontroller boards. The standardized 8-ohm impedance enables easy calculation of the required amplifier power according to Ohm's law.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications include alarm functions, signaling tasks, feedback messages in control projects, and educational settings for understanding audio technology. The compact design with a 35 mm housing diameter requires little space, enabling integration into confined installation spaces.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperation requires an audio amplifier or power amplifier that provides the necessary power. When using microprocessor boards with limited audio output, an external amplifier board is required. The plastic grille protects the diaphragm from dirt and mechanical damage during development work.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis product is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. It is not designed for installation in household electrical circuits or for use as a finished device.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x speaker -  8 Ω ,0.5W\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65997978239325,"sku":"F23106663","price":1.3,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/lautsprecher-8o-05w-funduino-3368141.png?v=1791496339"},{"product_id":"rfp602-druckabhangiger-widerstand-drucksensor-500g-bis-10kg","title":"RFP602 Pressure Sensor - FSR Force Sensor, 0-10 N, flexible film","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eForce-sensitive resistor (FSR) measures pressure and force in the range of 0 to 10 N\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eResistance decreases under pressure, proportional to the applied force\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAnalog output requires ADC conversion for digital processing\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eConnection via two contacts; no active electronics required\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eThin, flexible polymer film fits into compact designs\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNo calibration required\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe RFP602 is a force-sensitive resistor that translates force and pressure into a resistance value. Its internal resistance decreases proportionally to the applied load, making it a simple pressure sensor for prototypes and measurement exercises. Typical applications range from 0 to 10 N.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIts operation is based on an active element made of polymer material that changes its resistance under force. The sensor itself does not generate a signal; it only changes its ohmic value. Therefore, an external voltage source and an analog-to-digital converter are required to convert the measured values into digital form. A voltage divider circuit with a fixed resistor enables conversion into measurable voltage changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sensor is suitable for projects that need to detect pressure or grip, such as simple force sensors in robotic hand prototypes or pressure switch implementations. It can also be used to monitor loads on surfaces, provided the force remains below 10 N. The thin polymer-film design is particularly advantageous, as it can be integrated into cushions, beneath floor coverings, or into gloves.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe RFP602 has no power supply of its own and is passive. A microcontroller board with an integrated ADC can read the sensor directly via an analog input. For the highest possible accuracy, calibration based on your specific load area is recommended, although the basic linearity is usable even without calibration. Dynamic measurements or high-frequency pressure fluctuations require fast ADC sampling.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sensor is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Overloading beyond 10 N or continuous loading reduces its service life and may impair its measurement characteristics. Work on or near electrical installations must be carried out by qualified electricians; if you are unsure, consult a qualified electrician before setup.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x RFP602 Force-sensitive resistor - pressure sensor - 500g to 10kg\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998102167901,"sku":"F23106472","price":7.97,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/rfp602-druckabhaengiger-widerstand-drucksensor-500g-bis-10kg-funduino-6995504.png?v=1791495252"},{"product_id":"elektrolytkondensator-470uf-25v","title":"Electrolytic capacitor 470 µF - 25 V, polarized","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eElectrolytic capacitor, 470 microfarads, 25 volts rated voltage\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePolarized component with positively and negatively marked leads\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSuitable for power supplies and decoupling supply voltages\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAxial leaded construction with plastic housing\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eReverse-polarity protection required during assembly\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn electrolytic capacitor with a capacitance of 470 microfarads and a voltage rating of 25 volts is a classic decoupling element in analog and digital circuits. The component stores energy and releases it to absorb voltage spikes and stabilize power supplies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dielectric properties of the chemically produced electrolyte enable high capacitance in a small space. The rated voltage limits the maximum permissible operating level to 25 volts. If this voltage is exceeded, the capacitor may be damaged, potentially causing the pressure relief valve to open. The component is polarized, so the positive and negative terminals must be installed correctly.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe capacitor is often connected directly to the power terminals of microcontroller boards, power supply modules, or analog circuits. Especially when buffering current surges from servo motors or sensor ICs, the capacitor prevents voltage drops that could cause malfunctions. It also stabilizes the output voltage in simple DC power supplies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe component can be soldered directly onto circuit boards or used in breadboards. For operation at higher voltages or with larger capacitances, suitable components must be selected. Service life depends on the operating temperature and the applied voltage.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrolytic capacitors must not be operated with reverse polarity. The component is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. When working on power supply circuits, consult a qualified electrician if you are unsure about the correct sizing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x 470uF \/ 25V electrolytic capacitor\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998116356445,"sku":"F23106897","price":0.11,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/elektrolytkondensator-470uf-25v-funduino-6326179.png?v=1791496166"},{"product_id":"drehpotentiometer-einstellpotentiometer-trimmpotentiometer-liegend-10k-ohm","title":"Trimmer potentiometer 10 kOhm - horizontal, 3 pins, THT","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eTrimmer potentiometer with a resistance value of 10 kOhm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eHorizontal design for PCB mounting\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdjustment via hex socket using a tool\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e3 pins for through-hole mounting (THT)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eVariable resistance adjustable from 0 to 10 kOhm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLow profile for densely populated circuit boards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis trimmer potentiometer is an adjustable resistor for PCB mounting. Inside, a movable contact taps the resistive track, enabling a variable partial voltage between 0 and 10 kOhm. Adjustment is only possible using a tool with a hex socket, not by hand, so the component is suitable exclusively for adjustments that are rarely repeated.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe component has three pins for through-hole mounting: two at the ends of the resistive track and one at the wiper. The horizontal design protrudes only slightly above the circuit board and also fits on densely populated boards or in low-profile housings.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypical applications include setting reference voltages in power supplies, calibrating measurement circuits, or fine-tuning signal levels in sensor circuits and amplifiers. Since adjustment requires a tool and is not performed continuously, the trimmer is used where adjustment is completed after assembly.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrimmer potentiometers are intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes, and are not suitable for installation in household mains circuits. Work on or near electrical installations must be carried out by qualified electricians; if in doubt, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* Rotary potentiometer \/ adjustment potentiometer \/ trimmer potentiometer, horizontal,10K Ohm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998117863773,"sku":"F23106747","price":1.15,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/drehpotentiometer-einstellpotentiometer-trimmpotentiometer-liegend10k-ohm-funduino-6148912.png?v=1791495628"},{"product_id":"thermistor-ntc-mf58-3950-b-100k-ohm-5-temperatursensor","title":"MF58 NTC thermistor - 100 kOhm, B 3950 K, -40 to +125 °C","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCeramic thermistor (NTC) for temperature divider measurements and control systems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNominal resistance of 100 kOhm at 25 °C\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eB-value of 3950 K for a defined resistance curve\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMeasuring range of approximately −40 to +125 °C\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBead design with lead wires\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFast response due to low thermal mass\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn NTC-type thermistor uses the temperature-dependent change in the resistance of semiconductor ceramic to measure temperatures. The B-value of 3950 K describes how steeply the resistance decreases as the temperature rises. It is a defined characteristic value that makes it possible to convert resistance measurements directly into temperature readings.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith a nominal resistance of 100 kOhm at 25 °C, the component can be used in simple measurement circuits connected to the analog inputs of microcontrollers. Since the resistance provides useful values across a wide range of approximately −40 to +125 °C, the thermistor is suitable for room climate management as well as measurement tasks inside heated or cooled devices. Its small physical size enables fast temperature responses, which is particularly advantageous for transient phenomena.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe bead design with soldered lead wires allows both solder connections and installation in plug contacts. For measurement applications, a circuit with known resistors is added to scale the thermistor voltage values to digitizable ranges. A reference temperature for calibration or custom measurement series can achieve measurement uncertainties in the single-digit percentage range.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe thermistor is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Work on or near power lines must be carried out by qualified electricians. Do not exceed the specified maximum temperature of 125 °C, and connect the component only to low-voltage circuits with voltages below 30 V.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* NTC MF58 3950 B 100K ohm 5% Thermistor Temperature Sensor\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998152401245,"sku":"F23107065","price":0.49,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/thermistor-ntc-mf58-3950-b-100k-ohm-5-temperatursensor-funduino-9297165.png?v=1791495662"},{"product_id":"drehimpulsgeber-rotary-encoder-cjmcu-111","title":"CJMCU-111 rotary encoder - 2 channels, push button","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRotary encoder for detecting rotational movements\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTwo channels (A and B) for direction detection\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePush button integrated into the rotary knob\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSignal output via digital pulses\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eGold-plated contacts on the connections\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eA rotary encoder detects the rotational movements of a knob and converts them into digital pulses. The two output signals enable the connected microcontroller not only to count how often the knob has been turned, but also to determine the direction of rotation. The integrated push button additionally signals when the knob is pressed.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe gold-plated contacts ensure reliable connections and reduce contact resistance. The principle is based on two offset sliding contacts that generate pulses alternately, while a third connection provides the common reference point. This produces a code from which the software determines the direction of rotation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications include rotary knobs for menu navigation on displays, volume controls in audio devices, encoders for detecting the position of motor shafts, and parameter inputs on measuring devices. In a weather station, for example, the encoder could switch the current temperature display between several sensors.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConnection is made via pin headers to the digital inputs of a microcontroller board; the pulse sequence is evaluated in software. Debouncing in the firmware prevents errors caused by contact bounce. The module does not require an external power supply; the signals run through the controller's input pins.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe module is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes and is not suitable for electrical installations in the household mains network. If you have questions about correct use, consult a qualified electrician before use.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x Rotary Encoder CJMCU-111\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998156595549,"sku":"F23106462","price":3.11,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/drehimpulsgeber-rotary-encoder-cjmcu-111-funduino-2156945.png?v=1791495288"},{"product_id":"elektrolytkondensator-1uf-10v-bedrahtet","title":"Electrolytic capacitor 1 µF - 10 V, leaded","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eElectrolytic capacitor with a capacitance of 1 microfarad and a rated voltage of 10 volts\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eThrough-hole design for breadboards and perfboards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePolarized; the positive and negative terminals must be observed\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTypical operating temperature up to 85 degrees Celsius\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLong leads for flexible soldering\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis electrolytic capacitor stores electrical energy and is used in power supplies, signal amplifiers, and filter applications. With its capacitance of 1 microfarad, it is suitable for applications requiring medium capacitance values. The rated voltage of 10 volts determines the maximum operating range and requires precise sizing during circuit design to prevent overloads.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe polarized design requires correct installation. The longer lead connects to the positive terminal, and the shorter one to the negative terminal. If the polarity is reversed, the component may be damaged and malfunctions may occur. The capacitor can withstand temperatures of up to approximately 85 degrees Celsius, making it suitable for environments without extreme heat generation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypical applications include decoupling power supplies in analog circuits, smoothing voltage ripple in rectifiers, coupling signals between amplifier stages, and buffering in microcontroller applications. When installed on a breadboard, the leads can be inserted easily; when soldered onto perfboards, they create a secure connection.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo additional components are required for operation. The capacitor is installed directly into the circuit. Work on live circuits should only be carried out after the power supply has been switched off and capacitors have been discharged to prevent damage and safety risks.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrolytic capacitors must be connected with the correct polarity; reversing the polarity will irreversibly damage the component. This product is intended exclusively for prototyping and testing and development purposes and is not intended for use in household electrical installations. Before working on live circuits, switch off the power supply and discharge the capacitor; if you are unsure, consult a qualified electrician.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x electrolytic capacitor 1uF \/ 10V, radial through-hole\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998157840733,"sku":"F23106597","price":0.3,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/elektrolytkondensator-1uf-10v-bedrahtet-funduino-5817914.png?v=1791495310"},{"product_id":"elektrolytkondensator-220uf-10v-radial-bedrahtet","title":"220 µF electrolytic capacitor - 10 V, radial leaded","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eElectrolytic capacitor with 220 microfarads capacitance and 10 volts rated voltage\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRadial leads for mounting on printed circuit boards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNoise filtering and voltage stabilization in power supplies\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEnergy storage in flash and pulse applications\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCompact design for confined installation spaces\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis electrolytic capacitor is used to buffer and smooth voltages in power supplies and to decouple loads from the power source. With a capacitance of 220 microfarads and a rated voltage of 10 volts, the component is suitable for low-voltage applications, such as microcontroller boards or analog circuits with operating voltages up to 10 volts.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe capacitor stores electrical energy and releases it during voltage drops, smoothing supply spikes and buffering supply gaps. The radial leads enable direct mounting on printed circuit boards without modifications. If the applied voltage exceeds 10 volts, there is a significant risk of damage to the component; the polarity of the connections must be observed, as reverse polarity will cause the capacitor to fail.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of applications include switched-mode power supply output filters for stable 5-volt or 3.3-volt supplies, decoupling capacitors next to IC power supply inputs to reduce interference, storage capacitors for LED control with short current pulses, and flash capacitors in digital flash circuits. In camera-internal flash trigger circuits, such a capacitor is charged and rapidly discharged when required.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSafe use requires precise knowledge of the actual applied voltage and correct installation. The applied voltage must not permanently exceed 10 volts. For power supplies whose voltage range is below 10 volts, no separate check is required; however, for voltages close to the rated value or in case of uncertainty, the datasheet should be consulted before designing the circuit.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect polarity must be observed when soldering; a charged capacitor can discharge when its terminals are short-circuited and may heat up in the process. This component is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Work on or near electrical installations must be carried out by qualified electricians; for voltages above 30 volts DC or 42 volts AC, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* electrolytic capacitor 220uF \/ 10V, radial leads\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998217085277,"sku":"F23106917","price":0.3,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/elektrolytkondensator-220uf-10v-radial-bedrahtet-funduino-4976421.png?v=1791495777"},{"product_id":"drehpotentiometer-10k-ohm-liegend","title":"Rotary potentiometer 10 kOhm - horizontal, 3 pins with 2,54 mm pitch","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRotary potentiometer with 10 kOhm resistance\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eHorizontal design for low-profile installations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWiper divides the input voltage\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eThree connection pins on a 2.54-mm pitch\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMechanically durable for several thousand rotations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eA 10 kOhm rotary potentiometer detects rotational inputs and converts them into variable voltages. Its horizontal design fits into low-profile housings and onto circuit boards with limited space, such as portable measuring instruments or compact control models. The potentiometer's wiper divides the applied voltage proportionally to the rotational position, so that the voltage at the tap between ground and the supply voltage is approximately half of it when the control is in the center position.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe potentiometer is particularly suitable as an input element for analog values. It can, for example, control the level in audio preamplifiers, adjust the brightness of LED arrays, or control the speed of drives in robotics learning projects. The potentiometer continuously reports its position via the wiper while it is being moved, without requiring calibration. The three connection pins follow the standard 2.54-mm pitch, allowing the component to fit directly into pin headers or solder points on circuit boards.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIts durability over several thousand rotation cycles also enables applications involving frequent operation. For signal conditioning, a capacitor of approximately 100 nF should be provided between the wiper and ground to reduce noise interference. The input voltage must not exceed 5 V.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis component is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes and is not suitable for installation in household mains circuits. For all work on electrical installations, or if in doubt, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003ePackage contents\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* 10K Ohm rotary potentiometer - horizontal\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998292025693,"sku":"F23108056","price":1.3,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/drehpotentiometer-10k-ohm-liegend-funduino-8708660.png?v=1791495854"},{"product_id":"schiebepotentiometer-linearpotentiometer-10k-ohm","title":"Slide potentiometer 10 kOhm - linear, 20 mm travel, up to 12 V","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eSlide potentiometer with linear resistance change, 10 kOhm total resistance\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTravel range 20 mm, operating voltage up to 12 V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eConnection via three terminals, input and two outputs\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRobust plastic housing with metal slider\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLow enough resistance for direct control, no preamplifier required\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe slide potentiometer is a linear slider control for analog voltage regulation. It has a resistance of 10 kOhm and is operated via a slider that can travel a distance of 20 mm. It is connected via three solder points or pins: supply, ground, and tap. This allows an analog voltage from 0 to the input voltage (maximum 12 V) to be taken from the center contact.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBecause the potentiometer is designed with low resistance, it can be operated directly with microcontroller inputs without an amplifier circuit in between. The voltage at the wiper follows the slider travel linearly, allowing the physical value to be calculated easily. Slider wear is negligible with occasional operation, but the contacts may wear out if adjustments are made frequently per minute over extended periods.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe component is suitable for controllers in mobile robots, control panels for small experimental setups, volume controls in audio circuits, or manual control signals in prototypes. Such a potentiometer can also be used as position feedback for linear actuators if an accuracy of approximately plus or minus five percent is sufficient. The 20-mm travel limits its use to compact devices.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperation requires a voltage source that provides the operating voltage. The output voltage is taken from the center terminal; an analog-to-digital converter in the microcontroller digitizes it. The arrangement of the three terminals is determined from the datasheet or by simply measuring them.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe potentiometer is intended exclusively for prototype construction and development purposes and is not suitable for installation in the household power circuit. At operating voltages above 12 V, material breakdown must be expected; a suitable model must be selected for higher voltages. If there is any uncertainty about the connections or power supply, consult a qualified electrician.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x Slide potentiometer. Linear potentiometer - 10k Ohm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998294745437,"sku":"F23106454","price":2.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/schiebepotentiometer-linearpotentiometer-10k-ohm-funduino-1247574.png?v=1791495853"},{"product_id":"fotowiderstand-ldr-10k","title":"Photoresistor LDR 10 kOhm - light sensor, analog","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ePhotoresistor with a nominal value of 10 kOhm, measures brightness through changes in resistance\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eResistance decreases in light and increases in darkness\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMeasuring range from a few lux to approximately 10,000 lux\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eConnection via two pins, directly to analog or digital inputs\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSmall standard-size design, also suitable for tight circuit boards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe photoresistor measures ambient brightness through a light-dependent change in resistance. In bright conditions, the resistance value decreases; in darkness, it increases. The two connection pins can be connected directly to analog or digital inputs on a microcontroller board, where the brightness value is read as a voltage drop.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe photoresistor requires a series resistor for operation, allowing the voltage to be measured at an analog input. The value of the series resistor depends on the measuring range and the operating voltage; typical series resistors range from 1 to 100 kOhm. The photoresistor itself has no polarity and does not wear out.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications include brightness threshold switches for LED lights, dusk sensors for outdoor lighting, and simple day-night detection systems. The photoresistor can also be used to control display brightness or as a light sensor in robotics projects.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn analog-to-digital converter (ADC) on the microcontroller is required to make the brightness value available digitally. Accuracy depends on the circuit design and the components used. For precise measurements, calibrated light sensors are the better choice.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe photoresistor does not contain any hazardous voltages. It is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Qualified electricians are required when working on or near electrical installations; if you are unsure about integrating it into permanent systems, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x Photoresistor\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998295302493,"sku":"F23106706","price":1.26,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/fotowiderstand-ldr-10k-funduino-4154889.png?v=1791496610"},{"product_id":"drehpotentiometer-50k-ohm-15mm-schaft-doppelreihig","title":"Rotary potentiometer 50 kOhm - 15 mm shaft, double-row pin header","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRotary potentiometer with 50 kOhm resistive track\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e15 mm shaft diameter, double-row pin headers on the circuit board\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e3-piece design with replaceable wiper\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis rotary potentiometer with a total resistance of 50 kOhm serves as a voltage divider in analog circuits and measuring instruments. The 15 mm shaft fits standard potentiometer knobs and enables ergonomic operation without additional tools. The double-row pin header on the back allows direct insertion into breadboards or plug-in boards without having to solder wires.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe wiper moves across the resistive track and outputs a voltage proportional to the input voltage at the wiper connection. With three accessible connections, the potentiometer can be used both as a voltage divider and as a variable resistor. The double-row plug connection significantly reduces wiring effort.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe potentiometer is used in analog circuit training for beginners as well as in the calibration of measuring amplifiers or as a manual control input in simple robotics projects. In sound experiments with audio amplifiers, it serves as a volume control; in lighting controls, as a brightness adjustment. The plug-in connection is particularly useful in prototype setups, saving time when modifying the circuit.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperation requires only a power supply for the input voltage, which depends on the operating voltage used by the overall circuit. The potentiometer itself consumes only minimal energy through the wiper current. No mechanical construction is needed to hold the wiper knob, as it is secured by a tapered shaft with a form-fit and friction-fit connection.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis component is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes and is not suitable for installation in household mains circuits. Work on or near electrical installations must be carried out by qualified electricians. When used with high voltages or currents, a qualified electrician should inspect the setup before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x rotary potentiometer, 50k ohms, 15mm shaft, double-row\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998296023389,"sku":"F23106588","price":1.06,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/drehpotentiometer-50k-ohm-15mm-schaft-doppelreihig-funduino-9976408.jpg?v=1791495482"},{"product_id":"drehpotentiometer-auf-platine","title":"Rotary potentiometer module - 10 kOhm, analog 0-5 V","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRotary potentiometer on a circuit board for detecting control positions\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAnalog output as a voltage divider, measuring range 0 to 5 V (with a 5 V supply)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTypical resistance value of 10 kΩ\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEasy connection to analog inputs of microcontroller boards and development boards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePower supply and output signal via board edges or solder connections\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCan be mounted directly on a breadboard or in pin connectors\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe rotary potentiometer on a circuit board detects control positions and outputs them as a proportional voltage. The rotary movement of the slider is converted into a continuous value between 0 and 5 V, with the output voltage corresponding to the set resistance value. This operating principle enables direct detection of adjustment positions without additional electronics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe circuit board already contains the voltage divider element, so only the supply voltage (typically 5 V), ground, and output pin need to be connected. This makes it particularly easy to integrate the module into prototypes that use analog inputs, eliminating the need for calibration. The output voltage follows the rotation angle linearly and is immediately suitable for measurement by the analog-to-digital converters of common microcontrollers.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn practice, such a potentiometer can be used to control motor speeds or adjust LED brightness. It is also suitable as an interface for measurement data acquisition or as an input element in test setups. A typical scenario would be variable control of a servo motor through potentiometer rotation in a prototype setup.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperation requires a power supply within the range of the desired output voltage. The output connection should be connected to a high-impedance analog-to-digital input of a microcontroller to prevent current draw by the measurement electronics. The circuit board defines the mechanical mounting and positioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe module is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes and is not suitable for installation in household electrical circuits. Work on or in the immediate vicinity of electrical installations must be carried out by qualified electricians; if there is any uncertainty about integration into higher-level systems, a qualified electrician must be consulted before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x Rotary potentiometer on a circuit board\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998308835677,"sku":"F23106773","price":1.72,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/drehpotentiometer-auf-platine-funduino-3601086.png?v=1791495888"},{"product_id":"kappe-fur-drehpotentiometer","title":"Potentiometer cap - push-on rotary knob, non-slip, Orange","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eReplacement caps for rotary potentiometers\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAvailable in several sizes and colors\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNon-slip surface texture\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEasy installation on the potentiometer shaft\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eReplacement caps for rotary potentiometers allow color coding or replacement of worn control elements. The caps are pushed onto the potentiometer shaft and sit securely due to their form-fitting inner design.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe non-slip surface texture enables secure handling and precise adjustment, even with frequent use. This allows rotary knobs in control panels, measuring cases, laboratory setups, or instrument boxes to be replaced or visually coded at a later stage without modifying the electronic component itself.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe caps are available in several sizes and colors to fit different potentiometer designs and distinguish functions through color coding.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe caps are intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Qualified electricians are responsible for work on or near electrical installations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cp\u003e1x cap for rotary potentiometer\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998315684189,"sku":"F23105662","price":0.25,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/kappe-fuer-drehpotentiometer-funduino-4041983.png?v=1791496637"},{"product_id":"widerstande-0-10-20-47-100-220-330-470-1k-2-2k-4-7k-10k-22k-47k-100k-220k-470k-1m-ω-1","title":"Resistor assortment - 1\/4 W, various values","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eResistor assortment with twelve values from 10 ohms to 2.2 kOhms\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e1\/4-watt design, 5 percent tolerance\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSeveral pieces of each resistance value included\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCompiled for prototyping and educational setups\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eHalf-value series covers common applications\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis resistor assortment provides twelve different values for correctly dimensioning circuits during development. The components are 1\/4-watt parts with a 5 percent tolerance, which is fully sufficient for laboratory conditions. Since multiple pieces of each value are included, you can build and test a circuit and modify it without having to purchase additional components.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe selection follows the half-value series and covers the range from 10 ohms to 2.2 kOhms. These values can be used to calculate series resistors for LEDs, implement current limiting, build voltage dividers, or place pull-up and pull-down resistors at digital inputs. They are also sufficient for adapting sensor and amplifier circuits.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe practical benefit is the time saved: instead of ordering individual resistors, typical values are immediately available in the set. In everyday educational use and in projects with changing requirements, the assortment saves unnecessary detours. For continuous use, the values can be purchased individually according to the circuit diagram as needed.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Notice\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis assortment is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. It is not suitable for installation in household mains circuits. When working on or near electrical installations, consult a qualified electrician.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* Resistors 0,10,20,47,100,220,330,470, 1k, 2,2K, 4,7k, 10k, 22k, 47k, 100k, 220k, 470k, 1M, Ω ±1%\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998323384669,"sku":"F23107159","price":4.44,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/widerstaende-0102047100220330470-1k-22k-47k-10k-22k-47k-100k-220k-470k-1m-o-1-funduino-9052991.jpg?v=1791495897"},{"product_id":"drehpotentiometer-100k-ohm-15mm-schaft-doppelreihig","title":"Rotary potentiometer 100 kOhm - dual-row, 15 mm shaft","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRotary potentiometer with 100 kOhm resistance and 15 mm shaft\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDual-gang design for stereo applications or redundant sensing\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLinear output value proportional to the rotation position\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMechanically robust for front-panel mounting\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBroad compatibility with microcontroller boards via analog inputs\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis rotary potentiometer with a total resistance of 100 kOhm detects rotational movements and outputs them as an analog voltage. The dual-gang design provides two independently operating potentiometers, allowing two channels to be measured or controlled in parallel. The 15 mm long shaft fits standard rotary knobs and sits securely in the front panel.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe potentiometer operates according to the resistance-wiper principle. The wiper contacts follow a winding and thereby divide the total resistance depending on the rotation position. The output value is linear to the rotation, so the raw data is directly suitable for the analog-to-digital converters of microcontroller boards. No prior calibration is required.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe potentiometer is typically used in applications requiring two parallel measurement values or control outputs. A mixer can use two such potentiometers to measure the volume for the left and right channels. Robot arms also use dual-gang potentiometers to simultaneously detect two joint angles for precise position control.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe shaft has a thread diameter of 15 mm and fits standard rotary knobs. For operation, a supply voltage between 5 V and 15 V is applied, with the actual output voltage following this supply voltage. Microcontroller boards with 3.3 V logic require a level shifter if the full output voltage is to be used. Alternatively, a voltage divider can be designed to reduce the output voltage to the permitted range.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Notice\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe potentiometer is intended for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. It must not be installed in the household power circuit. Work on or near electrical installations must be carried out by qualified electricians. If you have questions about integrating it into existing systems, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x rotary potentiometer, 100k Ohm, 15mm shaft, dual-gang\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998349631837,"sku":"F23106567","price":1.01,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/drehpotentiometer-100k-ohm-15mm-schaft-doppelreihig-funduino-9667872.jpg?v=1791495540"},{"product_id":"lautsprecher-5w-8ω-30x70-mm","title":"Speaker 5 W - 8 Ohm, 30 x 70 mm","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCompact speaker with 5 W output power\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eImpedance: 8 ohms, frequency range: 20–20000 Hz\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDimensions: 30*70 mm, suitable for installation in small enclosures\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRectangular design with mounting holes on the sides\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCan be connected via solder pads or terminals\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis 5-watt speaker is suitable for installation in compact audio projects and devices with limited space. The 8-ohm impedance enables direct connection to common amplifier ICs and sound modules without requiring additional impedance matching. With dimensions of 30*70 mm, the component fits into narrow enclosures.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe component reproduces frequencies from 20 to 20000 Hz, providing an audible spectrum for speech and music. The rectangular design allows flexible positioning in project boxes. Connection is made via the provided solder pads or terminal contacts.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications include warning devices with acoustic signals, portable audio toys, small amplifiers for testing, music tracks from microcontroller projects, and simple voice output systems. For a music-quality sound pressure level, the output is sufficient up to a distance of approximately two meters.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo power supply is required; the speaker operates exclusively using the output power of the connected amplifier. Ensure correct polarity when connecting it; overloading the amplifier with excessive voltage can lead to failures.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnsure correct polarity when connecting the speaker, as incorrect wiring may damage the component. This component is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. Work on or near electrical installations must be carried out by qualified electricians; if in doubt, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x speaker, 5W, 8Ω, 30x70 mm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998372995421,"sku":"F23107409","price":1.84,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/lautsprecher-5w-8o-30x70-mm-funduino-4697307.png?v=1791495925"},{"product_id":"kohlefilm-drehpotentiometer-10k-ohm","title":"10 kOhm rotary potentiometer - carbon film, 6 mm shaft, up to 30 V","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRotary potentiometer with 10 kOhm resistance and carbon film layer\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eLinearized characteristic curve across the entire rotation range\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSimple three-pin connection\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e6 mm shaft, suitable for standard knobs and levers\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOperating voltage range up to 30 V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis rotary potentiometer with a carbon film resistor serves as a voltage divider for analog readout of control variables. The wiper contacts move across the resistance track and output a voltage proportional to the rotary position, which microcontroller boards can read directly through their analog inputs.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe carbon film enables a finely graded resistance distribution without jumps between individual windings. This makes the potentiometer suitable for continuous rotary movements and eliminates the noise that occurs with cheaper wire-wound versions. The linearized characteristic curve across the full rotation range guarantees reliable readings from the rotary shaft to the end stop.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypical applications include control inputs in robotics projects, such as adjusting motor speeds or servo positions, or recording measured values such as manually controlling brightness and volume in prototypes. The potentiometer can also be used to adjust and calibrate sensors. A knob with a 6 mm bore is fitted onto the shaft.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe maximum operating voltage of 30 V also permits use in high-voltage experimental setups, but not in household electrical circuits. Measuring the voltage places a load on the voltage divider, so a sufficiently high-impedance analog input or a buffer amplifier is necessary when very small signal currents are present.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Notice\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis potentiometer is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes and is not suitable for installation in household electrical circuits. The applied voltage must not exceed 30 V. A qualified electrician must be consulted when implementing circuits with mains voltage.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* Carbon Film Rotary Potentiometer - 10K Ohm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998408352093,"sku":"F23106608","price":0.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/kohlefilm-drehpotentiometer-10k-ohm-funduino-6869904.png?v=1791496513"},{"product_id":"100-widerstande-je-20x-100-ohm-200-ohm-330-ohm-1k-ohm-10k-ohm","title":"Resistor assortment 100 pieces - 5 values from 100 Ω to 10 kΩ, 0.5 W","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eSet of 100 through-hole resistors with five values from 100 Ω to 10 kΩ, 20 of each value\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCarbon-film construction with color coding instead of printing\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e0.5-watt power rating per resistor\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAxial wire leads for inserting into breadboards or soldering onto circuit boards\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eValues frequently used in Arduino learning kits\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eA resistor limits the current in a circuit and converts excess electrical energy into heat. The set contains five values from 100 Ω to 10 kΩ, which are particularly often needed in practice and provide broad coverage for typical electronics projects.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEach resistor consists of a carbon film on a ceramic body; notches set the desired resistance value, which is indicated on the component by colored bands. The resistors have two straight wire leads and can be inserted directly into a breadboard or soldered onto a circuit board.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypical applications include limiting current for LEDs, building voltage dividers for measurement voltages, and creating pull-up and pull-down circuits at the digital inputs of microcontrollers. A voltage divider with 100 Ω and 10 kΩ can, for example, adapt 5 V signals to 3.3 V logic.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEach resistor can handle a maximum power dissipation of 0.5 watts; exceeding this value may result in overheating and damage. Higher power levels require thick-film or wirewound resistors. The values included in the set are sufficient for learning and prototyping projects; specialized circuits may require additional values.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese resistors are intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. They are not suitable for installation in household electrical circuits. Work on or near electrical installations must be carried out by qualified electricians; if anything is unclear, consult a qualified electrician before commissioning a circuit.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* 20x resistors\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998415429981,"sku":"F23107216","price":1.72,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/100-widerstaende-je-20x-100-ohm-200-ohm-330-ohm-1k-ohm-10k-ohm-funduino-6952327.png?v=1791496565"},{"product_id":"drehpotentiometer-10k","title":"Rotary potentiometer 10 kOhm - 3 pins, 2.54 mm pitch","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRotary potentiometer, 10 kOhm, continuously adjustable\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eThree connection pins with a 2.54 mm pitch, breadboard-compatible\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eResistance between the wiper and end terminals: 0 to 10 kOhm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRotary knob with pointer marking\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePins in a single row for direct insertion without an adapter\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe rotary potentiometer with three connection pins on a standard 2.54 mm pitch fits directly into a breadboard or perforated circuit board without requiring additional cables. The movable wiper travels along a resistive track; two of the three pins are connected to the ends of this track, while the third is connected to the wiper. When you turn the knob, the wiper moves and continuously changes the resistance between this connection and the end pins from 0 to 10 kOhm.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe voltage at the wiper can be read when both end pins are connected to the supply voltage and ground, and the wiper is connected to an analog input of the microcontroller. This allows the potentiometer to be used, for example, to manually adjust an LED's brightness, fine-tune an amplifier stage, or set a reference value. The arrangement of the pins in a single row also makes the component mechanically very stable on the breadboard.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety information\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe potentiometer is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes, not for installation in household electrical circuits. Work on or near electrical installations must be carried out by a qualified electrician.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1* 10K rotary potentiometer\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998415528285,"sku":"F23106713","price":1.26,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/drehpotentiometer-10k-funduino-9917042.png?v=1791496575"},{"product_id":"piezo-speaker-5v-lautsprecher-kompatibel-mit-arduino","title":"5 V buzzer - electromagnetic sounder, 2400 Hz","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eSignal generator for acoustic tones and beeps\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eElectromagnetic drive instead of a piezo crystal\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOperating voltage 5 V, requires a square-wave signal\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e2 connection wires, polarity-independent\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBreadboard-compatible with an approximately 7 mm pitch\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDimensions 12 * 9.5 mm\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis signal generator produces acoustic tones when driven with square-wave signals. Unlike pure piezo elements, it uses an electromagnet to set a thin metal diaphragm into vibration. A pure DC signal remains silent, so a microcontroller output must provide an alternating signal to generate a tone.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 5 V operating voltage is directly compatible with the logic voltage of common development boards. A single digital output is sufficient to generate tones of different frequencies, while the second connection is connected to ground. The two connection wires are not polarized, so an incorrect connection will not damage the component.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith dimensions of 12 * 9.5 mm and a pitch of approximately 7 mm, the signal generator plugs directly into a breadboard. This makes it ideal for quick prototypes, alarm functions in sensor projects, or simple acoustic feedback for errors and confirmation tones.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperation requires a microcontroller with at least one available digital output and programming to specify the frequency. Solderless assembly with wires is possible.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eSafety Notice\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis component is intended exclusively for building prototypes and for testing and development purposes. It is not intended for installation in household electrical circuits or devices with mains voltage.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch4\u003eScope of Delivery\u003c\/h4\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e1x  Piezo Speaker \/ Speaker 5V\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Funduino","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":65998415692125,"sku":"F23108736","price":0.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/files\/piezo-speaker-5v-lautsprecher-kompatibel-mit-arduino-funduino-2548687.png?v=1791496588"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1074\/5649\/5965\/collections\/fotowiderstand-ldr-10k-funduino-4154889.png?v=1791290610","url":"https:\/\/funduino.com\/en\/collections\/passive-components.oembed","provider":"Funduino","version":"1.0","type":"link"}